range of typical, emerging, and complex legal cases in the pharmaceutical and biotechnology sectors.

Dr. Jiang began his career in 2002 at the China National Intellectual Property Administration (CNIPA), where he served as a patent examiner, division director, and deputy division head at the Patent Examination Cooperation Center. Over more than a decade, he examined a substantial number of patent cases in the bio medicine field and contributed to the revision of the Patent Examination Guidelines, giving him precise insight into patent examination standards in related areas. He has participated in training and exchange programs at the European Patent Office and Cardozo School of Law in the United States, fostering familiar ity with European and American patent systems, practices, and adjudication standards.